Kielioppi – The Finnish Verb Olla (To Be)

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3–5 minuuttia

The verb olla means to be.

It is one of the most important verbs in Finnish because you will use it almost every day when introducing yourself, describing people, talking about age, nationality, location, and much more.

One of the first things beginners notice about Finnish is that verbs change depending on who is doing the action.

In English, the verb usually changes very little:

  • I am
  • You are
  • We are
  • They are

In Finnish, every subject has its own verb form.

Let’s look at the verb olla (to be):

Olla in the Present Tense

PronounOllaEnglish
minäolenI am
sinäoletyou are
hänonhe/she is
meolemmewe are
teoletteyou are (plural)
heovatthey are

Examples

Minä olen suomalainen.
→ I am Finnish.

Sinä olet opiskelija.
→ You are a student.

Hän on opettaja.
→ He/She is a teacher.

Me olemme ystäviä.
→ We are friends.

Te olette täällä.
→ You are here.

He ovat kotona.
→ They are at home.

At first, this may look difficult, but there is a pattern.

Notice the endings:

PronounEnding
minä-n
sinä-t
hänspecial form
me-mme
te-tte
he-vat / -vät

You will see these endings again and again with many Finnish verbs.

For example:

puhua (to speak)

  • minä puhun
  • sinä puhut
  • hän puhuu
  • me puhumme
  • te puhutte
  • he puhuvat

Don’t try to memorize every verb separately. Instead, learn the pattern. Once you understand the endings, conjugating Finnish verbs becomes much easier.

LESSON FROM FINNISH WITH ANNA

Spoken Finnish (Puhekieli)

In everyday conversations, Finns usually use these forms:

Standard FinnishSpoken Finnish
minä olenmä oon
sinä oletsä oot
hän onse oo
me olemmeme ollaan
te olettete ootte
he ovatne on

Examples

Mä oon suomalainen.
→ I’m Finnish.

Sä oot opiskelija.
→ You’re a student.

Se oo väsyny.
→ He/She is tired.

Me ollaan täällä.
→ We are here.

Ne oo kotona.
→ They are at home.

Negative Form

To make a sentence negative, Finnish uses a negative verb.

PronounNegative
minäen ole
sinäet ole
hänei ole
meemme ole
teette ole
heeivät ole

Examples

Minä en ole väsynyt.
→ I am not tired.

Hän ei ole kotona.
→ He/She is not at home.

Me emme ole opiskelijoita.
→ We are not students.

Yes/No Questions with Olla

In Finnish, yes/no questions are usually formed by adding -ko or -kö to the verb.

The question word is attached directly to the verb, and the verb comes first in the sentence.

Examples

Oletko sinä suomalainen?
→ Are you Finnish?

Onko hän täällä?
→ Is he/she here?

Oletteko te opettajia?
→ Are you teachers?

Onko tämä kirja?
→ Is this a book?

Notice the pattern:

  • olet → oletko
  • on → onko
  • olette → oletteko

Answering

Joo/ Kyllä.
→ Yes.

Ei.
→ No.

Onko hän kotona?

Kyllä, hän on kotona.
→ Yes, he/she is at home.

Ei, hän ei ole kotona.
→ No, he/she is not at home.

Ko or Kö?

Finnish follows vowel harmony.

Use:

  • -ko if the verb has these vowels a, o, u
  • -kö if the verb has these vowels ä, ö, y/ or just i, e

Examples:

Onko se minun?
→ Is there? / Is it mine?

Ymmärrät?
→ Do you understand?

Näet Kaijan?
→ Do you see Kaija?

For now, just remember:

Verb + ko/kö = yes/no question

How Olla Is Used

1. Introducing Yourself

Minä olen Anna.
→ I am Anna.

Mä oon Anna.
→ I’m Anna.

2. Talking About Nationality

Hän on suomalainen.
→ He/She is Finnish.

Me olemme saksalainen.
→ We are German.

3. Talking About Jobs

Hän on lääkäri.
→ He/She is a doctor.

Minä olen opettaja.
→ I am a teacher.

4. Talking About Location

Kirja on pöydällä.
→ The book is on the table.

Kaija on päiväkodissa.
→ Kaija is at daycare.

Iso veli on koulussa.
→ Big brother is at school.

5. Talking About Age

Finnish uses this struccture to ask for age:

Kuinka vanha sinä olet? / Kuinka vanha te olette?

Minä olen 30 vuotta vanha.
→ I am 30 years old.

More commonly:

Minä olen 30-vuotias.
→ I am 30 years old.

Useful Questions with Olla

Oletko sinä suomalainen?
→ Are you Finnish?

Onko hän täällä?
→ Is he/she here?

Oletteko te opettajia?
→ Are you teachers?

Missä Mikko on?
→ Where is Leo?

Mikä tämä on?
→ What is this?

Kuka hän on?
→ Who is he/she?

MORE PRACTICE!

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  1. Kielioppi – Finnish Question Words (Kysymyssanat) – Learn Finnish by My Way avatar

    […] you’ve learned personal pronouns and the verb olla, the next thing you’ll probably want to do is ask […]

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